فلزات سنگین از مناسب ترین شاخص ها برای بررسی آلودگی منابع خاک و آب هستند و به دلیل پایداری درازمدت در محیط زیست می باشند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک کاربری های جنگل، مرتع، کشاورزی و مسکونی در آبخیز واز است. سپس با استفاده از نتایج غلظت فلزات کروم، منگنز، آهن، نیکل، مس، روی، آرسنیک، کادمیم، جیوه و سرب و با استفاده از شاخص های عامل آلودگی، درجه آلودگی، درجه آلودگی اصلاح شده، زمین انباشت، شاخص غنی سازی و خطر اکولوژیک کیفیت رسوب در کاربری های مختلف بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربری شهری هم از نظر عامل آلودگی و هم از نظر شاخص تجمع زمینی دارای بیش ترین مقدار است و کاربری های کشاورزی، جنگل و مرتع به ترتیب در رتبه های بعدی قرار دارند. از نظر درجه آلودگی کاربری مرتع آلودگی بسیار کم، کاربری های جنگل و کشاورزی آلودگی متوسط دارند و کاربری مسکونی دارای آلودگی زیاد است. از طرفی شاخص درجه آلودگی اصلاح شده نشان داد که کاربری جنگل، مرتع و کشاورزی دارای آلودگی بسیار کم و کاربری مسکونی دارای آلودگی کم است. در حوزه آبخیز واز کاربری مرتع و تا حد زیادی کاربری جنگل از نظر شاخص های آلودگی دارای مقادیر پایینی بودند اما به دلیل حضور دام در مراتع این منطقه و همچنین توریستی بودن جنگل های این حوضه احتمال آلوده شدن خاک این کاربری ها در آینده وجود دارد. با توجه به اینکه این حوضه یکی از ورودی های دریای خزر در شمال کشور است، بنابراین نیاز است که اقدامات حفاظتی لازم برای منابع آب و خاک در حوضه مورد نظر انجام گردد.

A study was conducted to determine the capabilities of the successive numerical Landsat data for assessment and monitoring of land use. Kashan plain with 7230 km2 of area, which is located in an arid zone of the central part of IRAN, selected as the site of investigation. It seemed to be a region prone to desertification processes. Two sorts of Landsat data: MSS (1976), TM (1998) and the supplementary information such as the soil and topography and land cover maps were collected.After preprocessing, the images were classified on the base of the field and subsidiary data. For Mss data, the Mss1, Mss2 and Mss3 were merged and showed the best correlation with field samples. In TM data, merging the TM3, Tm4 and Tm5 showed the best correlation. The classification performed by the minimum distance algorithm.Five land classes were distinguished with the overall precision of 65% and 75% for Mss and TM respectively. Detection of the changes between two maps showed a decrease of the area under range, bare and salt flats as much as 7.4%, 18.3% and 1.5% respectively, and an increase in cultivated and forest land use by the factor of 0.5% and 20.7% respectively. some referral to reliable documents determined the good agreement between the results and the real occurrence, except for the cultivated lands, that was significantly under estimated. It is concluded that thematic maps, which have released by image processing in a time series, could be compared and some general and useful results will be expected. Access to the same time field data of image acquisition time can promote the precision.

This paper addresses developing an approach to identify building orientation by using an important central concept of understanding the land use-transportation connection named Accessibility Measurement Index (AMI). In order to obtain AMIs for each Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) in Tehran metropolitan, the Combined Trip Distribution and Assignment Model (CTDAM) is applied. We valid used CTDAM, while the results are compared to the User-Equilibrium Assignment Model (UEAM) as well as the real observed Origin-Destination (O-D) data. The yardstick in the comparison study is the error of each method to predict observed links flow. Obtained AMIs from both CTDAM and UEAM and average land price aroused to define Development Potential (DP) of residential location for each TAZ. The results show that ifa TAZ has more distance from CBD, and then it has more priority to increase residential density except marginal TAZ.

The goal of the concept of autonomous vehicles is rapidly becoming a reality. However, there has been very little analysis of the effects of such developments on urban transportation systems' performance. These effects are potentially problematic. Autonomous vehicles can increase road capacity, make driving more accessible to people, and reduce the burden of public and private transport travel and air pollution. On the negative side, it can distract users from walking and cycling, stimulate sporadic urban sprawl. This study considers the effects of autonomous vehicles on land use and population dispersion. The dynamic system model of balancing land uses by autonomous vehicles is designed to simulate these structures' behavior. The research focused mainly on residential land-use and population distribution due to using an autonomous vehicle. Three scenarios were defined to address the issue and investigate the effect of the autonomous vehicle on residential land-use and population distribution. Therefore, the presented dynamic system model with information related to the years 1393 to 1397 was created, and its status for 1398 up to 1430 was examined based on different scenarios. In this research, we will present a method based on dynamic systems analysis. We will use a dynamic systems analysis model for autonomous vehicles' effects on urban and suburban development. This model shows the changes in population movement from the city to the suburbs and vice versa.

Identification the source areas of surface runoff and flood prone zones and their impact on residential expansion are important. The aim of the present study is to consider the impact of potential runoff coefficient and flood inundation for different recurrence intervals in analyzing residential expansion for the current land use pattern as well as suitable land use allocation based on the systemic land use planning of Iran in the Ziarat watershed in Golestan Province. The pre-processed Landsat TM image 2010 was used to determine the land use map of the study area and then a suitability analysis is then carried out to establish the potential residential development area in the framework of Iranian systemic land use planning model. The raster layers of slope, soil type, and land use were prepared and the potential runoff coefficient values were determined using the attributes. Floodplain zonation maps were delineated by integrating HEC-RAS and ArcGIS in different return periods. The results indicate that the residential area covers 3. 4% of the study area and 9% of the study area was assigned as 1 and 2 suitability classes, according to land use planning model. On the basis of the potential runoff coefficient map, the average runoff coefficient was 0. 51%. Based on the combined flood zone maps and runoff coefficient, the flood prone areas will increase for 25, 50, 100, and 200 year floods for both current and determined residential land uses. The areas of flood-secure regions in current residential land use were 318. 47, 317. 46, 316. 44, and 316. 44 ha for different design floods respectively. Increasing the return period from 20-50 to 100-200 years lead to an increase of flood zone extent (3. 5 ha).

Background and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management practices are ineffectively planned and enforced. Material and Methodology: An attempt was first made to delineate agricultural land use suitability. Two scenarios namely Current Development (CD) and Environmental Development (ED) were mapped and transplanted to CA-Markov model to simulate urban growth up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Finally, severity of conflicts was analyzed based on loss of the extent and the corresponding suitability of agricultural lands. Findings: The results showed that ED scenario is more successful in protecting suitable agricultural lands than CD scenario (nearly one thousand ha). Moreover, CD scenario is projected to occur in areas with relatively higher agricultural suitability values. The difference between the scenarios is not significant for near future (2030), but significant for the ending simulation period (2050). Discussion and Conclusion: ED scenario is more succeeded in protecting quantitative and qualitative agricultural lands. By implementing this scenario from now, it takes 35 years to significantly mitigate the conflict between the two land uses. However, the effectiveness of such scenarios requires simultaneous attention to socio-economic parameters.

Today, urban and rural planning and management programs need to obtain accurate spatial information at successive times about land use changes. The main purpose of this study is to study and evaluate land use changes due to physical development with respect to 4 land uses in Bayer, agricultural lands, water zones and man-made lands in Pakdasht. Data were collected through Landsat satellite images from 2019 and 1989 captured by OLI and MSS5 sensors with a resolution of 30 m, which transformed Landsat 8 and 7 satellite images to 15 m in ENVI 5. 3 software. These images were classified in ENVI 5. 3 software based on the maximum likelihood algorithm. Then the accuracy of the maps obtained from the maximum likelihood algorithm was estimated. Fragstats software was then used to extract land cover metrics at two levels of the classroom and the simulator. A total of 15 landslides were quantified in the years 1989 to 2019 (1368-1688). According to the results, the area of ​​residential land has increased during the years under study so that its share has increased from %7. 1 in the region to %19. 5.

Land scarcity and infeasibility of its production make the practice of its operation and management to be undertaken in a suitable manner. Over recent years, the attitude toward land use management and rural residential land assignments in particular has been made from a sustainability viewpoint. In Iran, like some other countries, the government has attempted to assign national wastelands within a residential land plan to the rural people since 1979. This study aims at identifying strengths/ opportunities as well as weaknesses/ threats of such treatment and presenting a best strategy through the SWOT model. According to the study findings of the research done by the description and analysis of 264 rural household questionnaires and 22 questionnaires of the experts in Housing Foundation in six selected provinces, given the existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, a competitive strategy might be recognized as the best one.